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作者：admin - 更新日期: 星期日, 一月 3, 2010 - 发表评论
 谷歌2010年1月4日纪念牛顿徽标 谷歌还加了一个有趣的动画，枝头会有一个苹果掉下去。实现的方法应该是程序。
艾萨克·牛顿爵士 Sir Isaac Newton
.  艾萨克·牛顿爵士 Sir Isaac Newton (46岁)戈弗雷·内勒作于1689年
艾萨克·牛顿爵士 （Sir Isaac Newton，FRS，1643年1月4日－1727年3月31日，英语发音[ˈaɪzək ˈnjuːtṇ]） [ 儒略历：1642年12月25日－1727年3月20日] 是一位英格兰物理学家、数学家、天文学家、自然哲学家和炼金术士。他在1687年发表的论文《自然哲学的数学原理》里，对万有引力和三大运动定律进行了描述。这些描述奠定了此后三个世纪里物理世界的科学观点，并成为了现代工程学的基础。他通过论证开普勒行星运动定律与他的引力理论间的一致性，展示了地面物体与天体的运动都遵循着相同的自然定律；为太阳中心说提供了强有力的理论支持，并推动了科学革命。 在力学上，牛顿阐明了动量和角动量守恒的原理。在光学上，他发明了反射式望远镜，并基于对三棱镜将白光发散成可见光谱的观察，发展出了颜色理论。他还系统地表述了冷却定律，并研究了音速。 在数学上，牛顿与戈特弗里德·莱布尼茨分享了发展出微积分学的荣誉。他也证明了广义二项式定理，提出了“牛顿法”以趋近函数的零点，并为幂级数的研究作出了贡献。 在2005年，牛顿曾担任会长的英国皇家学会进行了一场“谁是科学史上最有影响力的人”的民意调查，在被调查的皇家学会会员和网民投票中，牛顿被认为比阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦更具影响力。 ———————————————————————————————————— Sir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727 [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727]) [1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian who is perceived and considered by a substantial number of scholars and the general public as one of the most influential scientists in history. His 1687 publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (usually called the Principia) is considered to be among the most influential books in the history of science, laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler’s laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the scientific revolution. Newton also built the first practical reflecting telescope[7] and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound. In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus. He also demonstrated the generalised binomial theorem, developed the so-called “Newton’s method” for approximating the zeroes of a function, and contributed to the study of power series. Newton remains influential to scientists, as demonstrated by a 2005 survey of members of Britain’s Royal Society (formerly headed by Newton) asking who had the greater effect on the history of science, Newton or Albert Einstein. Royal Society scientists deemed Newton to have made the greater overall contribution.[8] In 1999, leading physicists from all over the world voted Einstein “greatest physicist ever;” Newton was the runner-up.[9]
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